Operational Safety Precautions

1. Wear eye protection before conduct operation.
2. Ensure that the the work being machined is securely fastened.
3. Use hand to turn the machine ram through a complete stroke to ensure that the tool and ram head clear the workpiece and housing.(Note:This is impossible for some of the shaper;Hence,put the machine through a complete cycle at a slow speed,and observe the position of the ram head and tool.)
4. The machine must be stop before trying to make any adjustments to the tool or ram.
5. A chip guard should be use in front of the vise to catch flying chips which coming from the work.
6. The machine must stop before when taking any measurements on the work.
7. All machine guards ought to be securely in place before you conduct a shaper
8. Never use your hands to remove chips.
9. Allow approximately 18 in.(45cm) of clearance behind the reciprocating ram.

Shaper operations

Most of the work machined on a shaper is held in a vise.Hence, the following procedures , setups, and operations apply when the workpiece is mounted in a vise.

Shaping Machine Accessories and attachments

Cutting tool for shapers

Cutting tools of shapers are actually similar to cutting tools used on lathes.Most shapeer cutting tools require only a small amount of relief--generally ,3 to 5 degree of end and side relief.Side rake angles vary, depending on the material that is being machined.

Figure below shown several cutting tools,angles,and clearances for various machining operations performed on the shaper

Lefthand roughing tool for steel,Lefthand roughing tool for cast iron

Lefthand cutting tool for steel,Lefthand cutting tool for cast iron

Finishing tool for cast iron - Side-cutting tool for squaring corners
corners may be round

Round-nosed tool for light Round-nosed tool for bronze or brass
finishing cuts on steel

Shear tool for finishing steel Cutting-off and slot-cutting tool

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Toolholders of shaper are also similar to lathes.However,the square hole that houses the toolbit i parallel to the base n shaper toolholders.Frequently,the universal or swivel-head toolholder is used on the shaper.

Notes:Information provide by http://www.eurospares.com/graphics/Tools/shapers/AShaperTutorial.pdf

Types and construction features of Shaping machine

There are two types of Shapers:
-Horizontal shapers
-Vertical shapers

Horizontal Shaping Machine
There are several part of horizontal shaper:-
1. Base-a part of column,is a heavy casting that supports all the major component parts of the machine.(Also call as foundation)
2. Column-is a hollow(to contain motor) casting mounted on the base,housing the operating mechanisms that can drive the ram
3. Table-is fastened to ways that move on the horizontal ways of the cross rail.To support extends from the outer surface of the table to the base and is used on some larger shapers to support the weight of the table
4. Ram-is a heavy casting that can reciprocates on the ways of the column.Ram movement can be obtained either hydraulically or mechanically on crank-type shapers.
5. Toolhead- is stick to the front of the ram and can be swiveledd for machining angular cuts.It have the toolpost and toolholder that can hold the cutting tool.
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Vertical Shaping Machine(Slotting Machine)
The operation of vertical shaper is similar to the horizontal crank-type shaper.The diferent of the two shapers is the vertical position of the ram.A obvious advantage of the vertical shaper is that the cutting pressure or thrust is against a table bed,so there is no possibility of deflection of the worktable.Besides that,the table bed can be moved in three directions which is longitudinally,laterally, and with a 360 degree rotary motion.The versatility of the rotary table permits the vertical shaping machine to machine internal and external keyways,slots,splines,gears, and intricate die forms.

Operational Principle of Shaping Machine

The principle of a shaping machine is to create a flat surface in the horizontal
,vertical,or angular planes.

Besides that,shaper can also conduct simple curved surfaces,slots,keyways and
simple internal machining operations.

Shaping Machine occupy a single-point cutting tool which is similar to lathe cutting tool.The cutting tool is fastened in a toolpost attached to a ram.The ram is in reciprocating motion to push cutting tool back and forward across the workpiece. The forward stroke of the ram produces the cutting stroke on the work.With the return stroke,the tool is returned to the beginning position.As the tool is returned, the table and workpiece are advanced the desired amount for the next cut

Shaping Machine(provide by http://www.made-in-china.com/)